O
que é scanning e como essa técnica de leitura pode te ajudar na prova?
O
tempo para resolver as questões da prova é curto? Que tal usar uma estratégia
de leitura para resolver as questões mais rapidamente. Neste blog, discuto a
estratégia de “scanning” e a uso para resolver uma questão da prova de oficial
de chancelaria.
Scanning
é uma técnica usada quando você quer achar uma informação específica
rapidamente e por isso é importante para resolver questões de prova. O que você
deve fazer:
-
Entenda e expresse com as suas palavras a informação que você precisa achar no
texto.
-
Pense nas palavras chaves que podem te ajudar a encontrar essa informação no
texto.
-
Procure pelas palavras chaves no texto e leia as frases em que elas aparecem ou
um pouco abaixo.
Vamos
resolver uma questão do concurso de oficial de chancelaria (2016):
Use of language
in diplomacy
What language
should one use when speaking to diplomats, or what language should diplomats
use? Or, to be more precise, what language/languages should a (young) diplomat
try to learn to be more successful in his profession?
The term
"language in diplomacy" obviously can be interpreted in several ways.
First, as tongue ("mother" tongue or an acquired one), the speech
"used by one nation, tribe, or other similar large group of people";
in this sense we can say, for example, that French used to be the predominant
diplomatic language in the first half of the 20th century. Second, as a special
way of expressing the subtle needs of the diplomatic profession; in this way it
can be said, for example, that the delegate of such-and such a country spoke of
the given subject in totally nondiplomatic language. Also, the term can refer
to the particular form, style, manner or tone of expression; such as the minister
formulated his conditions in unusually strong language. It may mean as well the
verbal or non-verbal expression of thoughts or feelings: sending the gunships
is a language that everybody understands.
All of these
meanings - and probably several others - can be utilised in both oral and
written practice. In any of these senses, the use of language in diplomacy is
of major importance, since language is not a simple tool, vehicle for
transmission of thoughts, or instrument of communication, but very often the
very essence of the diplomatic vocation, and that has been so from the early
beginnings of our profession. That is why from early times the first envoys of
the Egyptian pharaohs, Roman legates, mediaeval Dubrovnik consuls, etc., had to
be educated and trained people, well-spoken and polyglots.
Let us first
look into different aspects of diplomatic language in its basic meaning - that
of a tongue. Obviously, the first problem to solve is finding a common tongue.
Diplomats only exceptionally find themselves in the situation to be able to
communicate in one language, common to all participants. This may be done
between, for example, Germans and Austrians, or Portuguese and Brazilians, or
representatives of different Arab countries, or British and Americans, etc. Not
only are such occasions rare, but very often there is a serious difference
between the same language used in one country and another.
There are
several ways to overcome the problem of communication between people who speak
different mother tongues. None of these ways is ideal. One solution, obviously,
is that one of the interlocutors speaks the language of the other. Problems may
arise: the knowledge of the language may not be adequate, one side is making a
concession and the other has an immediate and significant advantage, there are
possible political implications, it may be difficult to apply in multilateral
diplomacy, etc. A second possibility is that both sides use a third, neutral,
language. A potential problem may be that neither side possesses full
linguistic knowledge and control, leading to possible bad misunderstandings.
Nevertheless, this method is frequently applied in international practice
because of its political advantages. A third formula, using interpreters, is
also very widely used, particularly in multilateral diplomacy or for
negotiations at a very high political level - not only for reasons of equity,
but because politicians and statesmen often do not speak foreign languages.
This method also has disadvantages: it is time consuming, costly, and sometimes
inadequate or straightforwardly incorrect. […] Finally, there is the
possibility of using one international synthetic, artificial language, such as
Esperanto; this solution would have many advantages, but unfortunately is not
likely to be implemented soon, mostly because of the opposition of factors that
dominate in the international political - and therefore also cultural and
linguistic -scene.
So, which
language is the diplomatic one? The answer is not simple at all […].
Words are bricks from which sentences are made. Each
sentence should be a wound-up thought. If one wants to be clear, and
particularly when using a language which he does not master perfectly, it is
better to use short, simple sentences. On the contrary, if one wishes to
camouflage his thoughts or even not say anything specific, it can be well
achieved by using a more complicated style, complex sentences, digressions,
interrupting one's own flow of thought and introducing new topics. One may
leave the impression of being a little confused, but the basic purpose of
withholding the real answer can be accomplished.
(adapted from
http://www.diplomacy.edu/books/language_and_
diplomacy/texts/pdf/nick.PDF)
Mark the
statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) according to points raised in Text
III.
( ) Diplomats
are often in situations where a common language is spoken.
( ) Using an
interpreter as mediator is a flawless alternative for diplomatic meetings.
( ) Despite the
efforts to do away with problems in communication, the ideal solution has not
been found yet.
The correct
sequence is:
(A) F – T – T;
(B) T – F – F;
(C) T – T – F;
(D) F – T – F;
(E) F – F – T
1) Diplomats
are often in situations where a common language is spoken.
a)
Entenda a frase: Os diplomatas, geralmente, vivem situações em que uma língua
comum é falada.
b)
Palavras chaves: common language. Procure no
texto pelas palavras “common language” ou sinônimos da palavra. Não leia o texto todo, só procure pelas palavras e
sublinhe-as no texto (em amarelo). Achei “common tongue”.
c)
Leia a frase com a palavra chave: Diplomats only exceptionally find themselves
in the situation to be able to communicate in one language, common to all
participants Os diplomatas, excepcionalmente, acham-se em situações em que é
possível a comunicação em uma língua, comum a todos os participantes.
d)
Essa frase tem a mesma ideia da frase da questão? Não tem. A questão diz
"geralmente", o texto diz 'somente excepcionalmente." (FALSA)
2) Using an
interpreter as mediator is a flawless alternative for diplomatic meetings.
a)
Entenda a frase: Usar um intérprete como mediador é uma alternativa perfeita
para reuniões diplomáticas.
b)
Palavras chaves: interpreter, diplomatic meetings.
Encontrei interpreters somente uma vez no texto (em amarelo).
c)
Leia a frase com a palavra chave: A frase que interessa para comparar com a
afirmativa da questão está mais abaixo no texto. This method also has disadvantages: it is time consuming,
costly, and sometimes inadequate or straightforwardly incorrect. Esse método (entenda “ o uso de
intérprete”) também tem desvantagens: gasta muito tempo, é caro, e às vezes é
inadequado ou simplesmente incorreto.
d)
Essa frase tem a mesma ideia da frase da questão? Não. As ideias são
opostas.(FALSA)
3) Despite the
efforts to do away with problems in communication, the ideal solution has not
been found yet.
a)
Entenda a frase: Apesar dos esforços para acabar com os problemas de
comunicação, a solução ideal ainda não foi encontrada.
b) Palavras
chaves: problems in communication, ideal solution. Encontrei first problem, the problem of communication
e parei porque encontrei a frase que interessava para responder a questão logo
a seguir.
c)
Leia a frase com a palavra chave: None of these ways is ideal. Nenhuma das
formas de superar os problemas de comunicacão é ideal.
d)
Essa frase tem a mesma ideia da frase da questão? Sim. (VERDADEIRA)
RESPOSTA: E
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